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since October 2005

LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGIES
Brighton, Ontario, Canada

L6B Current Status

23/24 September 2006 Update

To all of you who have been faithfully checking for web updates over the last few months…we apologize for the delay. To those who believe that the lack of a web update is indicative of a lack of progress, we say:  "Not so!"

In fact, the opposite is true. As with any small organization, it's not possible to "make" time to report on progress... we can only "take" time away from making progress. We'd much rather spend our time finalizing the design and fabricating the tooling required to build your dream car than sitting in front of the computer writing about it.

But enough of the excuses…. here's a look at some of the things that have been happening since the last update:

Web Site Update

There is a significant amount of new information now on the web. There is an update of the kit description and an extensive description of the first seven stages of the kit, a list of the future stages, and discussion of items not included in the kit - all in the Kit Description section. This is a must read! It contains more information than you might expect. The design article on the Electrical System has been rewritten to account for some significant improvements. More photos have been added. Some of the older status updates are kept here because they contain some information which does appear elsewhere. You also might notice that one section has been removed: High Performance Vehicle Comparison. It is a tough thing to keep up to date and we get the point across pretty well without needing that information. All of the sections have been updated to ensure that there is no obsolete information, so you might want to browse through everything again if you have not done that in a while. But enough of this, on with the real progress report...

Design and Fabrication of Production Tooling

One of the lessons learned (again and again) during the development of the L6B is that it requires a much greater effort to design a car for production than to build one for your own amusement. When building cars is your hobby, you might not mind spending three days hand forming a piece of aluminum into a custom part. However, you, as a kit builder, probably don't want to pay for three days of our labour to make that part. Fortunately, we can spend that three days making dedicated tooling, then produce the part for your car in fifteen minutes.

Over the past few months, a large number of jigs and fixtures have been fabricated. Many of these have required only a couple of hours or so while others have taken several weeks of machining, welding, testing and modifying to allow high quality parts to be produced efficiently. Items discussed in the balance of this update provide a sample of some of the requirements for this special tooling.

Designing for the Track

The initial design of the L6B was based on the concept "Designed as a Race Car, Equipped for the Street". It was believed at that time that most of the potential sales would be to enthusiasts wanting a high performance car to drive on the street. More recently, however, a majority of the interest has come from the racing community.

This has prompted a relatively small but significant shift in the design philosophy such that although the L6B will still be "equipped for the street" it will also be, to a greater extent than originally planned, equipped for the track. This will mean that a builder planning to use his L6B for competition will require fewer additions to meet the requirements of the various race sanctioning organizations. It will also mean that an owner who constructs his car primarily for use on the street can confidently take it to the local racing circuit for "track day" activities or high speed kit car competitions.

Although the basic structure of the chassis and roll cage were designed from the start to meet or exceed SCCA and CASC structural requirements, some recent changes and additions will make the car even safer and will facilitate its use in competition. Some of these changes are discussed below.

Rigid Seat Mounts

Those of you who have visited the factory will probably remember that the seat in the prototype was mounted on slides to make its position adjustable. While this type of seat installation may be acceptable for street use, most racing organizations require that the seat be much more solidly mounted. With the pedal placement now made adjustable (as described in the previous update) it is no longer necessary to have an adjustable seat. This has allowed the introduction of very rigid seat mounts that will meet racing requirements and will be much safer for street use.

Following the installation of the new seat mounts in the prototype, many would-be drivers of various shapes and sizes have tried it on and without exception, have expressed a preference for the fixed mounts. There was some initial concern that with a fixed seat, the steering wheel position might have to be adjustable. Fortunately, however, the current steering wheel position has, so far, met with universal acceptance. For a driver with unusually short arms, the wheel can be moved closer by installing a cylindrical shim between the hub and the wheel, but for the majority, this will not be necessary.

"Designed" Lap Belt and Shoulder Harness Mounts

To work properly and provide optimum safety, the lap belt and shoulder harness must be properly installed. In order to provide proper support and to ensure that the forces imposed by the harness are in the proper direction, the location of the seat belt mounts relative to the seat position is crucial. Fundamentally, if the seat position is changed, the location of the seat belt mounts should also change.

In a typical production car, where the distance from your butt to the floor may be from eight inches to over a foot, moving the seat a few inches may change the direction of force by only a five or ten degrees and this might be acceptable. In a performance car such as the L6B, however, where you virtually sit on the floor, a small change in the seat position can result in a very large change in the angle of the lap belt. With an adjustable seat, the location of harness mounts will almost always be a compromise.

With the new fixed seat position, the locations of the seat belt and harness mounts can be, and have been, optimized. Properly located mounts are now provided for a five point or six point harness. The new mounts have also been designed to properly align the seat belt fittings with the applied forces. This will ensure that in an event where the harness is needed, any stretch in the belts will not be aggravated by bending the fittings.

Integral Tow Hooks

Although perhaps a minor addition, easily accessible tow hooks at the front and the rear of the car are mandated by most racing organizations. These have now been added to the L6B but they are installed in such a way that they can easily be omitted or removed for street use.

Precision Fuel Level Sensor

The L6B is equipped with a racing style foam filled fuel cell rather than the typical fuel tank used in most production cars. While this provides a higher level of safety, it precludes the installation of a typical lever and float type fuel level sensor. To overcome this problem, a special digital level sensor has been designed specifically for the L6B fuel cell. This sensor, when used in conjunction with the smart fuel flow sensing described later in the update, provides a very accurate measurement of the remaining fuel.

Battery Cut-Off Switch

To comply with the requirements of most racing organizations, a manually operated battery cut-off switch will be supplied as standard equipment. This switch, which is accessible from outside the car, has one set of high current contacts to interrupt the main battery circuit and another set of contacts to disconnect the alternator.

Ergonomic Dashboard

The entire instrumentation display has been moved from the dashboard to the steering wheel, including associated switches. This leaves nothing on the dashboard except two warning lights and an array of electrical switches. The switches on the dashboard are very large rocker types specifically chosen to facilitate operation while wearing flameproof racing gloves.

Data Logger Changes

Last but not least is a change in philosophy pertaining to the data logger which has now settled to its final form. Originally the data logger was going to have a slow RS-232 interface (9.6Kb/s) for connection to laptop computer. With the advent of high capacity data storage memory (NAND Flash) came the low-cost capability to store far more data than was originally possible. Having more memory caused a new problem - how to get all that data out of the ILU in a reasonable time. Solving that problem prompted the change to move to a USB interface (12Mb/s for USB1 and 480Mb/s for USB2.0). Even so, data transfer for 1GB of data still requires considerable time, especially if someone does not own a laptop - a long cable would have been required from your desktop computer to the ILU, limiting data transfer to the USB1 rate and hence taking an hour to transfer data from the ILU if you let the card fill up and haven't transferred any of it previously. In the end the choice was clear - have a socket for the USB Flash drive directly on the ILU. Now you don't need to come anywhere near your L6B with a computer. You just unplug the USB Flash drive from the ILU and plug it into your favourite computer wherever you want. The ILU will function without a USB Flash drive inserted - it just won't log data.

 

From October 2005

During the past few months, the development of the L6B has progressed slowly but steadily as we address the literally thousands of small but significant details that make the difference between a collection of parts and a truly builder-friendly kit. While some time has been devoted to cosmetic improvements, most of the effort has gone into finalizing the design of mechanical systems and fabricating tooling for the myriad of components required to facilitate their installation.

For many months after a break-in that virtually emptied the shop of engines, wheels, tires, tools and equipment, the prototype remained on axle stands. We are now happy to report that it is once again fitted with wheels and tires. The new three-piece racing wheels, fabricated by Kodiak Motorsports in Abbotsford BC, are magnificent and amazingly light considering their rather large size (the rear wheels are 18 by 12 inches to accommodate a pair of 335/30 by 18 tires). Please note that this information is not intended as an invitation for the midnight bandits to return for a second helping. If our new state-of-the-art security system does not sufficiently discourage them, Maxx the resident shop Rottweiler will be more than happy to demonstrate his prowess.

After months of searching, we finally found a source for modern headlights that not only provide an excellent combination of light intensity and distribution pattern, they are very easy to install and adjust. Incorporating these lights, however, has forced yet another change to the front end bodywork to reshape the headlight pockets and move the headlight bulkhead forward. The end result is a more attractive body design that has met with universal approval from everyone who has seen it.

One of the methods used to make the building of an L6B a fun experience (rather than a lesson in frustration) is the design of subassemblies that can be pre-assembled on the workbench before being installed in the chassis. An example of this, where a recent redesign has greatly simplified assembly, is the hydraulic system. In the new design, the entire pedal plate assembly (including the brake and clutch pedals, the remote adjustable brake balance bar, all three master cylinders, residual pressure valves, and many of the hydraulic hoses and their supports) is assembled as a module that is then secured in the chassis by the installation of only two bolts. This design improvement not only reduces the time spent curled uncomfortably under the dashboard, it provides an easy method for positioning the pedals to suit driver preference.

Another area that has required extensive development is the gear shift linkage. As most readers know, the L6B is a mid-engine car using a transaxle adapted from a rear-engine Porsche. This means that the shifter rod which protrudes from the forward end of the Porsche transaxle now faces rearward. To accommodate this, the interconnecting mechanical linkage must be routed from the rear of the transaxle, around the engine and back to the centerline of the car, then forward to the driver operated shift lever (all of this while maintaining the correct relationship between the shift lever position and the selected gear). This is not a new problem and it has been solved many times by many different design concepts on many different cars, including every one of those ubiquitous Formula 1200s.

While most of these shifter designs have been made to work, few of the drivers forced to use them are truly satisfied with their operating characteristics. The two most common complaints are stiffness or binding and imprecise shifting. The recently completed L6B shift linkage design has successfully eliminated both of these deficiencies.

To select a particular gear, the shifter rod that exits the rear of the transaxle must be subjected to a combination of rotational and translational (in/out) motions. Most previous designs have attempted to address both of these motions simultaneously with a single mechanical linkage. Typically, these systems have relied on either (a) a combination of torque tubes, push/pull rods, pivots, and universal joints (which tends to be awkward, stiff and imprecise due to the high forces imposed by operation the joints at strange angles) or (b) a push-pull “flexible” cable that, due to the requirement to “push-on-a-rope”, tends to be large, inflexible, stiff and sluggish while completely obliterating any tactile feedback from the transaxle.

The L6B approach is to completely separate the rotational and translational motions so that each can be independently optimized without being compromised by the other. This we do by using four lightweight Bowden cables…two for rotational motion and two for translational. By using two cables for each operating mode, each cable is active only in tension. This allows the cables to be very small and, by the use of multi-stranded stainless steel wire, extremely flexible. This high flexibility, coupled with a very slippery high density polyethylene conduit lining, reduces the cable drag to a very low level.

The result of all of this is a shifter system with an operating friction so low that the only noticeable resistance to the movement of the shift lever is that produced by the transaxle. What this means to the driver is that each detent in the transaxle can be very easily felt from the shift lever. This allows each gear to be precisely selected based on guidance from the transaxle, not from a Ferrari style shifter gate or the need to remember just how hard to push or pull for each gear.

A racing team owner who visited the shop a few months ago mentioned that he has seen several instances where one of his Porsche drivers has missed a shift (and subsequently blown an engine) due to a tendency for the shift lever to move when the engine and transaxle rotate in their rubber mounts under high engine torque. An advantage of the L6B shifter concept is that the use of low friction cables mechanically references the shift lever to the transaxle, not to the chassis. The significance of this is that, when the engine and transaxle move in their rubber mounts, the shift lever remains stationary. While, to be honest, this was not a consideration during the development of the L6B shifter concept, it’s always a good feeling when you discover that you solved a problem before you even knew it existed.

Although the shift linkage concept was designed and prototyped some time ago, only recently have the detail designs, drawings and production tooling for all the components been completed. The prototype chassis has now been completely retrofitted with production shift linkage components and the shifter operation is outstanding.

 

From September, 2005

If you have visited the Lawrence Technologies site before you have already discovered that we have a new URL on the web with a shorter address. We have done this in preparation for a stronger web presence and to establish key e-mail addresses to a simpler domain.

Work has progressed nicely. The appearance of the front body clamshell has been altered for a sleeker and more aerodynamic look and to make room for the larger width tires necessary in racing applications. Stay tuned for updated information from the chief designer, Peter Lawrence, and for new photographs. 


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